Dry skin, or xerosis, results from a compromised stratum corneum barrier that leads to transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and insufficient retention of moisture within the epidermis. The skin’s natural moisturizing factors (NMFs), such as urea, lactic acid, and amino acids, along with intercellular lipids like ceramides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids, are essential in maintaining […]
Wrinkles are visible signs of skin aging that result from both intrinsic factors (natural aging) and extrinsic factors (primarily UV exposure). Intrinsically, as we age, fibroblast activity declines, leading to reduced synthesis of collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid—key components responsible for skin firmness and hydration. The dermoepidermal junction flattens, and the extracellular matrix becomes disorganized, […]
