Eczema and Dermatitis

Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disorder characterized by intense pruritus, erythema, xerosis, and in some cases, oozing or crusting lesions. It often begins in early childhood and is closely linked to a defective skin barrier and immune dysregulation. Mutations in the filaggrin gene (FLG), which plays a key role in skin barrier integrity and hydration, are a known genetic risk factor. Environmental allergens, harsh soaps, stress, and seasonal changes frequently trigger flare-ups. Dermatitis, a broader term, includes allergic and irritant contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and others, which may have different causes but share similar inflammatory pathways.

Treatment of eczema and dermatitis centers around restoring the skin barrier, controlling inflammation, and managing triggers. Daily use of moisturizers, especially ceramide-rich or colloidal oatmeal-based formulations, is critical for maintaining hydration and preventing flares. Identifying and avoiding irritants, allergens (e.g., nickel, fragrance), and implementing gentle skincare routines are key preventive strategies.